Concepts
Structure of the California and federal courts 
The rule of stare decisis
Types of law: constitutional, statutory, administrative, the common  law (note also the concept 
    of equity) 
Steps in a lawsuit 
Types of damages 
Criminal and civil legal actions 
Sources of information about the law 
 
 

Concepts
The English tradition and Milton 
Colonial America and the Zenger Case 
The adoption of the First Amendment 
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) 
1918 Sedition Act, the Smith Act and state sedition laws 
Clear and present danger test 

Cases
Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925) 
Schenck v. U.S., 249 U.S. 47 (1919) 
Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927) 
Yates v. U.S., 354 U.S. 298 (1957) 
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969) 
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) 
(Note also U.S. v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310, 1990) 
 
 

Concepts
Prior restraint and national security 
Discriminatory taxation as a form of censorship 
Literature distribution, soliciting and picketing rights 
Censorship of government employees 
"Hate speech" and the First Amendment 

Cases
Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931) 
New York Times v. U.S., 403 U.S. 713 (1971) 
Taxation:
Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233 (1936) 
Minneapolis Star and Tribune v. Commissioner of Revenue, 460 U.S. 575  (1983) 
Arkansas Writer's Project v. Ragland, 481 U.S. 221 (1987) 
Texas Monthly v. Bullock, 489 U.S. 1 (1989) 
Leathers v. Medlock, 499 U.S. 439 (1991) 
Jehovah's Witness cases: 
Jones v. City of Opelika, 316 U.S. 584 (1942) 
Lovell v. City of Griffin, 303 U.S. 444 (1938) 
Schneider v. New Jersey, 308 U.S. 147 (1939) 
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society v. Village of Stratton, 536 U.S. 150 (2002)
Other literature distribution and picketing cases: 
Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board, 424 U.S. 507 (1976) 
Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins, 23 C.3d 899 (1979), affirmed 447 U.S. 74 (1980)
Golden Gateway Center v. Golden Gateway Tenants Association, 26 C.4th 1013 (2001)
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, 452 U.S. 640 (1981) 
Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus, 482 U.S. 569 (1987) 
Lee v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, 505 U.S. 830 (1992) 
Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U.S. 474 (1988)
Madsen v. Women's Health Center, 512 U.S. 753 (1994) 
Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network, 519 U.S. 357 (1997)
Hill v. Colorado, 530 U.S. 703 (2000)
Planned Parenthood v. American Coalition of Life Activists, 290 F.3d 1058 (2002)
Scheidler v. National Organization for Women, 537 U.S. 393
Miscellaneous prior restraints: 
U.S. v. National Treasury Employees Union, 513 U.S. 454 (1995) 
R.A.V. v. St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992) 
Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508 U.S. 476 (1993)
Virginia v. Black, 123 S.Ct. 1536 (2003)
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston, 515 U.S. 557 (1995)
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000)
 
 

Concepts
How libel and slander differ 
Elements of libel 
Libel defenses 
General, special and punitive damages 
Actual malice and negligence 
Public figures and private persons 
Issues of public concern and private matters 
Statements of fact and expressions of opinion 
Confidential sources and libel 
"Long-arm" jurisdiction 
Summary judgment 
Retractions 
Anti-SLAPP laws

Cases
Major Supreme Court decisions: 
New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964) 
Curtis Publishing v. Butts and A.P. v. Walker, 388 U.S. 130 (1967) 
Gertz v. Welch, 418 U.S. 323 (1974) 
Time v. Firestone, 424 U.S. 448 (1976) 
Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 U.S. 111 (1979) 
Herbert v. Lando, 441 U.S. 153 (1979) 
Bose v. Consumers Union, 466 U.S. 485 (1984) 
Calder v. Jones, 465 U.S. 783 (1984) and Keeton v. Hustler, 465 U.S. 770 (1984) 
Dun & Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Builders, 472 U.S. 749 (1985) 
Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps, 475 U.S. 767 (1986) 
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242 (1986) 
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988) 
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990) 
Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, 501 U.S. 496 (1991) 
California cases: 
Vegod v. American Broadcasting Co., 25 C.3d 763 (1979) 
Kilgore v. Younger, 30 C.3d 770 (1982) 
Reader's Digest v. Superior Court, 37 C.3d 244 (1984) 
Baker v. Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 42 C.3d 254 (1986) 
Braun v. Chronicle Publishing Co., 52 C.A.4th 1036 (1997)
Khawar v. Globe International, 19 C. 4th 254 (1998) 
Briggs v. Eden Council for Hope and Opportunity, 19 C.4th 1106 (1999)

******* CUTOFF POINT FOR EXAM #1 ******* 
 
 

Concepts
Private facts 
Intrusion/newsgathering torts 
False light 
Right of publicity/misappropriation 
Inheritability of the right of publicity 
Defenses and when they apply 
Calif. Civil Code Sections 1708.8, 3344, 3344.1 

Cases
The development and scope of privacy law: 
Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Co., 50 S.E. 68 (1905) 
Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967) (reversing Olmstead v. U.S.) 
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) 
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986) 
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992)
Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000)
Lawrence v. Texas, 123 S.Ct. ____ (2003)
Private facts cases: 
Melvin v. Reid, 112 C.A. 285 (1931) 
Briscoe v. Readers Digest, 4 C.3d 529 (1971) 
Diaz v. Oakland Tribune, 139 C.A.3d 118 (1983) 
Cox Broadcasting v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (1975) 
Florida Star v. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) 
Intrusion cases: 
Deteresa v. ABC, 121 F.3d 460 (1997) 
Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S. 603 (1999)
Shulman v. Group W Productions, 18 C.4th 200 (1998)
Sanders v. ABC, 20 C.4th 907 (1999)
Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2001)
False light cases: 
Time Inc. v. Hill, 385 U.S. 374 (1967) 
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing, 419 U.S. 245 (1974) 
Fellows v. National Enquirer, 42 C.3d 234 (1986) 
Misappropriation cases: 
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co., 433 U.S. 562 (1977) 
Sinatra v. Goodyear, 435 F.2d 711 (1970) 
Midler v. Ford Motor Co., 849 F.2d 460 (1988) 
White v. Samsung, 971 F.2d 1395 (1992) 
Astaire v. Best Film and Video, 136 F.3d 1208 (1998)
Comedy III Productions v. Saderup, 25 C.4th 387 (2001)
Winter v. DC Comics, 30 C.4th 881 (2003)
 
 

Concepts
What can and cannot be copyrighted 
How to obtain a copyright 
Remedies for infringement 
Duration of copyrights and the public domain 
Compulsory licensing 
The Fair Use Doctrine 
Copyright problem areas: music, computers, cable television, moral  rights, unpublished 
    works, "works made for hire" 
1998 laws: Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Sonny Bono Act, Fairness in Music
    Licensing Act
International copyrights, the Berne Convention and GATT 
Unfair competition 
Trademarks and the Lanham Act
Internet names and the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act

Cases
International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918) 
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984) 
Harper & Row Publishers v. The Nation Enterpises, 471 U.S. 539 (1985) 
BMI v. Claire's Boutiques, 949 F.2d 1482 (1991) (note also: Edison 
    Brothers Stores v. BMI, 954 F.2d 1419, 1991, and 20th Century 
    Music v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151, 1975) 
Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989) 
New York Times Co. v. Tasini, 533 U.S. 483 (2001)
Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, 510 U.S. 569 (1994) 
Wal-Mart v. Samara Brothers, 529 U.S. 205 (2000)
Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003)
Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, 537 U.S. 418 (2003)
 
 

Concepts
The Sixth Amendment 
Protective ("gag") orders 
Sequestration, change of venue, continuances, etc. 
Closing courtrooms during: 
-trials 
-preliminary hearings 
-testimony of minors or sex crime victims 
-jury selection 
Rule 980 and cameras in court 

Cases
Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717 (1961) 
Rideau v. Louisiana, 373 U.S. 723 (1963) 
Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966) 
Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976) 
Gannett v. DePasquale, 443 U.S. 368 (1979) 
Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555 (1980) 
Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, 457 U.S. 596 (1982) 
Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 464 U.S. 501 (1984) 
Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1 (1986) (Note: these are two different cases) 
Chandler v. Florida, 449 U.S. 560 (1981) 
NBC Subsidiary (KNBC-TV) v. Superior Court, 20 C.4th 1178 (1999)
 
 

Concepts
Direct and indirect contempt 
Civil and criminal contempt 
Shield laws and reporter's privilege 
Newsroom searches 

Cases
Bridges v. California and Times-Mirror v. Superior Court, 314 U.S. 252 (1941) 
Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972) 
Cohen v. Cowles Media, 501 U.S. 663 (1991) 
Farr v. Superior Court, 22 C.A.3d 60 (1971) 
  Farr v. Pitchess, 522 F.2d 464 (1975) 
  In re Farr, 36 C.A.3d 577 (1974) and 64 C.A.3d 605 (1976) 
Mitchell v. Superior Court, 37 C.3d 268 (1984) 
Delaney v. Superior Court, 50 C.3d 785 (1990) 
New York Times Co. v. Superior Court, 51 C.3d 453 (1990) 
Miller v. Superior Court, 21 C.4th 883 (1999)
 
 

Concepts
Freedom of Information Act 
Government in the Sunshine Act 
Privacy Act of 1974 
"Buckley Amendment" 
Electronic FoI Act Amendments
Driver's Privacy Protection Act
Ralph M. Brown Act 
Bagley-Keene Act 
California Public Records Act 
Information Practices Act 
Access to prisons, disasters, etc. 

Cases
ACLU v. Deukmejian, 32 C.3d 440 (1983) 
Times Mirror Co. v. Superior Court, 53 C.3d 1325 (1991) 
Houchins v. KQED, 438 U.S. 1 (1978) 
 Daily Journal Corp. v. Superior Court, 20 C.4th 1117 (1999)
Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000)
Haynie v. Superior Court, 26 C.4th 1061 (2001)
California First Amendment Coalition v. Woodford, 299 F.3d 868 (2002)

******* CUTOFF POINT FOR EXAM #2 ******* 
 

Concepts
Pornography and freedom before 1957 
The Roth test and the Miller test 
National, statewide and local "community standards" 
Zoning and adult businesses 
Film censorship and the voluntary rating system 
California Penal Code sec. 311 
Communications Decency Act
Child Online Protection Act
Child Pornography Prevention Act 
Children's Internet Protection Act

Cases
Defining obscenity and First Amendment rights: 
Roth v. U.S., 354 U.S. 476 (1957) 
Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184 (1964) 
Memoirs v. Massachusetts (the "Fanny Hill" case), 383 U.S. 415 (1966) 
Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) 
Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973) 
Jenkins v. Georgia, 418 U.S. 153 (1974) 
Pope v. Illinois, 481 U.S. 497 (1987) 
Barnes v. Glen Theatre, 501 U.S. 560 (1991)
City of Erie v. Pap's A.M., 529 U.S. 277 (2000)
Crawford v. Lungren, 96 F.3d 380 (1996) 
National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley, 524 U.S. 569 (1998)
U.S. v. American Library Assocation, 123 S.Ct. ____ (2003)
Obscenity, pornography and minors: 
Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968) 
New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747 (1982) 
Osborne v. Ohio, 495 U.S. 103 (1990)
Reno v. ACLU, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) 
Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 535 U.S. 234 (2002)
Ashcroft v. ACLU, 535 U.S. 564 (2002)
Zoning and pornography: 
Young v. American Mini-Theatres, 427 U.S. 50 (1976) 
Schad v. Mt. Ephraim, 452 U.S. 61 (1981) 
Renton v. Playtime Theatres, 475 U.S. 41 (1986) 
City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, 535 U.S. 425 (2002)
 
 

Concepts
The radio spectrum 
History of federal regulation 
The scarcity rationale 
Structure of the FCC 
The broadcast licensing and renewal process 
-Preferences and EEO requirements 
-Auctions and comparative hearings 
-"Renewal expectancy" 
Ownership restrictions (see Chapter 12) 
-Radio/TV ownership rules
-Cross ownership rules 
-Duopoly rules and LMAs
Equal time, access and lowest unit charges under Sec. 315 and 312(a)(7) 
The Fairness Doctrine and the Personal Attack Rule 
Specific content restrictions (e.g., lotteries, indecency, hoaxes) 
Children's Television Act of 1990 
Educational programs: 3-hour rule 
Federal cable TV regulation and "ancillary jurisdiction" 
Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Retransmission consent/must carry 
Local cable franchising and rate regulation 
New technologies: HDTV, DBS, etc.
Satellite TV Home Viewers Act (1999)

Cases
Broadcast ownership and licensing:
Central Florida Enterprises v. FCC, 683 F.2d 503 (1982) 
RKO General v. FCC, 670 F.2d 215 (1981), cert. den. 456 U.S. 927 (1982) 
Metro Broadcasting v. FCC, 497 U.S. 547 (1990) (Note also Adarand Constructors v. 
    Pena, 515  U.S. 200, 1995) 
Lamprecht v. FCC, 958 F.2d 382 (1992) 
Bechtel v. FCC, 10 F.3d 875 (1993) 
Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod v. FCC, 141 F.3d 344 (1998) 
    (see also MD/DC/DE Broadcasters v. FCC, 236 F.3d 13, 2001)
National Public Radio v. FCC, 254 F.3d 226 (2001)
Broadcast content regulation - fairness and equal time: 
Red Lion v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 (1969) 
CBS v. Democratic National Committee, 412 U.S. 94 (1973) 
FCC v. League of Women Voters of Calif., 468 U.S. 364 (1984) 
Syracuse Peace Council v. FCC, 867 F.2d 654 (1989) 
Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes, 523 U.S. 666 (1998)
Radio Television News Directors Assn. v. FCC, 229 F.3d 269 (2000)
Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn. v. U.S., 527 U.S. 173 (1999)
Broadcast content regulation - indecent content: 
Pacifica Foundation v. FCC, 438 U.S. 726 (1978) 
Action for Children's Television v. FCC, 58 F.3d 654 (1995)
Cable and new technologies regulation: 
U.S. v. Southwestern Cable Co., 392 U.S. 157 (1968) 
Capital Cities Cable v. Crisp, 467 U.S. 691 (1984) (Note also City of 
New York v. FCC, 486 U.S. 57 (1988) 
Turner Broadcasting v. FCC, 520 U.S. 180 (1997) 
City of Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, 476 U.S. 488 (1986)
U.S. v. Playboy Entertainment, 529 U.S. 803 (2000)
 
 

Concepts
Federal antitrust laws 
The Cartwright Act 
Treble damages in antitrust cases 
Price fixing, profit-pooling, tying arrangements, boycotts 
Joint operating agreements and the Newspaper Preservation Act 
The per se rule and the rule of reason
Broadcast ownership rules (see Chapter 11, above)

Cases
Associated Press v. U.S., 326 U.S. 1 (1945) 
Lorain Journal v. U.S., 342 U.S. 143 (1951) 
Times-Picayune v. U.S., 345 U.S. 594 (1953) 
U.S. v. Kansas City Star, 240 F.2d 643 (1957) 
Times-Mirror v. U.S., 274 F.Supp. 606 (1967), aff'd 390 U.S. 712 (1968) 
U.S. v. Citizen Publishing, 394 U.S. 131 (1969) 
FCC v. National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting, 436 U.S. 775 (1978)
U.S. v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 (2001)
Fox Television Stations v. FCC, 293 F.3d 537 (2002)
Sinclair Broadcast Group v. FCC, 280 F.3d 1027 (2002)
 
 

Concepts
Commercial speech doctrine 
Non-commercial corporate speech 
The right to refuse advertising 
Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 
Other federal laws affecting the FTC 
FTC structure and procedures 
The "unfairness doctrine" 
California advertising laws 
National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) 
Treble damages in advertising fraud cases 

Cases
Commercial speech: 
Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316 U.S. 52 (1942) 
Bigelow v. Virginia, 421 U.S. 809 (1975) 
Virginia Citizens Consumer Council v. Virginia State Board of Pharmacy, 425 U.S. 748 (1976) 
Bates v. Arizona State Bar, 433 U.S. 350 (1977) 
Central Hudson Gas and Electric v. Public Service Commission, 447 U.S. 557 (1980) 
Posadas de Puerto Rico v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 478 U.S. 328 (1986) 
44 Liquormart v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996)
Lorillard Tobacco v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525 (2001)
Gerawan Farming v. Lyons, 24 C.4th 468 (2000)
U.S. v. United Foods, 533 U.S. 405 (2001)
Kasky v. Nike, Inc., 27 C.4th 939 (2002)
Non-commercial corporate speech: 
First National Bank v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765 (1978)
Consolidated Edison v. Public Service Commission, 447 U.S. 530 (1980) 
Access to the media: 
Tornillo v. Miami Herald, 418 U.S. 241 (1974) 
Federal advertising regulation: 
Warner-Lambert v. FTC, 562 F.2d 749 (1977)
Morales v. TWA, 504 U.S. 374 (1992)
Pizza Hut Inc. v. Papa John's International, 227 F.3d 489 (2000)

Concepts
State action as opposed to private action 
Permissible limits on campus freedom: 
-at the high school level 
-at the university level 
-in private institutions 
Calif. Education Code Section 48907 

Cases
Tinker v. Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969) 
Bethel School District v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986) 
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988) 
Board of Regents v. Southworth, 529 U.S. 217 (2000)
Kincaid v. Gibson, 236 F.3d 342 (2001)